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關於禁止和防止非法進出口文化財產和非法轉讓其所有權的方法的公約

關於禁止和防止非法進出口文化財產和非法轉讓其所有權的方法的公約

1970年11月17日訂於巴黎

聯合國教育、科學及文化組織於1970年10月12日至11月14日在巴黎召開第十六屆大會，

憶及其第十四屆大會通過的《國際文化合作原則宣言》所載規定的重要性。

考慮到各國間為科學、文化及教育目的而進行的文化財產交流增進了人類文明的認識、豐富了各國人民的文化生活並激發了各國之間的相互尊重和了解。

考慮到文化財產實為構成文明和民族文化的一大基本要素，只有盡可能充分掌握有關其起源、歷史和傳統背景的知識，才能理解其真正價值。

考慮到各國有責任保護其領土上的文化財產免受偷盜、秘密發掘和非法出口的危險，

考慮到為避免這些危險，各國必須日益認識到並尊重本國及其他所有國家的文化遺產的道義責任。

考慮到博物館、圖書館和檔案館作為文化機構應保證根據普遍公認的道義原則匯集其收藏品，

考慮到非法進出口文化財產和非法轉讓其所有權阻礙了各國之間的諒解，教科文組織的一部分職責就是通過向有關國家推薦這方面的各項國際公約以促進這一諒解，

考慮到只有各國在國家和國際範圍上進行組織，密切合作，才能有效保護文化遺產，

考慮到教科文組織大會在1964年就此通過了一項建議，

已收到關於禁止和防止非法進出口文化財產和非法轉讓其所有權的方法的各項進一步建議，這一問題業已作為第十九項議程項目列入本屆會議議程，

第十五屆會議已決定就這一問題制訂一項國際公約，

在1970年11月14日通過本公約。

第一條

為了本公約的目的，「文化財產」一詞系指每個國家，根據宗教的或世俗的理由，明確指定為具有重要考古、史前史、歷史、文學、藝術或科學價值的財產並屬於下列各類者：

  1. 動物群落、植物群落、礦物和解剖以及具有古生物學意義的物品的稀有收集品和標本；
  2. 有關歷史，包括科學、技術、軍事及社會史、有關國家領袖、思想家、科學家、藝術家之生平以及有關國家重大事件的財產；
  3. 考古發掘（包括正常的和秘密的）或考古發現的成果；
  4. 業已肢解的藝術或歷史古蹟或考古遺址之構成部分；
  5. 一百年以前的古物，如銘文、錢幣和印章；
  6. 具有人種學意義的文物；
  7. 有藝術價值的財產，如
    • 全部是手工完成的圖畫、繪畫和繪圖，不論其裝幀框座如何，也不論用的是何種材料（不包括工業設計圖及手工裝飾的工業產品）；
    • 用於任何材料製成的雕塑藝術和雕刻的原作；
    • 版畫、印片和平版畫的原件；
    • 用任何材料組集或拼集的藝術品原作；
  8. 稀有手稿和古版書籍，有特殊意義的（歷史、藝術、科學、文學等）古書、文件和出版物，不論是單本的或整套的；
  9. 郵票、印花稅票及類似的票證，不論是單張的或成套的；
  10. 檔案，包括有聲、照相和電影檔案；
  11. 一百年以前的家具物品和古樂器。

第二條

  1. 本公約締約國承認文化財產非法進出口和所有權非法轉讓是造成這類財產的原主國家文化遺產枯竭的主要原因之一，並承認國際合作是保護各國文化財產免遭由此產生的各種危險的最有效方法之一。
  2. 為此目的，締約國承擔利用現有手段，特別是通過消除其根源、制止現有做法和幫助給予必要的補償來反對這種做法。

第三條

本公約締約國違反本公約所列的規定而造成的文化財產之進出口或所有權轉讓均屬非法。

第四條

本公約締約國承認，為了本公約的宗旨，凡屬以下各類財產均為每個締約國的文化遺產的一部分：

  1. 有關國家的國民的個人或集體天才所創造的文化財產和居住在該國領土境內的外國國民或無國籍人在該國領土內創造的對有關國家具有重要意義的文化財產；
  2. 在國家領土內發現的文化財產；
  3. 經此類財產原主國主管當局的同意，由考古學、人種學或自然科學團體所獲得的文化財產；
  4. 經由自由達成協議實行交流的文化財產；
  5. 經此類財產原主國主管當局的同意，作為贈送品而接收的或合法購置的文化財產。

第五條

為確保保護文化財產免於非法進出口和所有權的非法轉讓，本公約締約國承擔若尚未設立保護文化遺產的國家機構，可根據本國的情況，在其領土之內建立一個或一個以上的國家機構，配備足夠人數的合格工作人員，以有效地行使下述職責：

  1. 協助制訂旨在切實保護文化遺產特別事防止重要文化財產的非法進出口和非法轉讓的法律和規章草案；
  2. 根據全國受保護財產清冊，制訂並不斷更新一份其出口將造成文化遺產的嚴重枯竭的重要的公共及私有文化財產的清單；
  3. 促進發展或成立為保證文化財產的保存和展出所需之科學及技術機構（博物館、圖書館、檔案館、實驗室、工作室……）；
  4. 組織對考古發掘的監督，確保在原地保存某些文化財產，並保護某些地區，供今後考古研究之用；
  5. 為有關各方面（博物館長、收藏家、古董商等）的利益，制訂符合於本公約所規定道德原則的規章；並採取措施保證遵守這些規章；
  6. 採取教育措施，鼓勵並提高對各國文化遺產的尊重，並傳播關於本公約規定的知識；
  7. 注意對任何種類的文化財產的失蹤進行適當宣傳。

第六條

本公約締約國承擔：

  1. 發放適當證件，出口國將在該證件中說明有關文化財產的出口已經過批准。根據規定出口的各種文化財產，均須附有此種證件；
  2. 除非附有上述出口證件，禁止文化財產從本國領土出口；
  3. 通過適當方法宣傳這種禁止，特別要在可能抽或進口文化財產的人們中間進行宣傳。

第七條

本公約締約國承擔：

  1. 採取與本國立法相一致的必要措施防止本國領土內的博物館及類似機構獲取來源於另一締約國並於本公約在有關國家生效後非法出口的文化財產。本公約對兩國均以生效後，盡可能隨時把自兩國中的原主締約國非法運出文化財產的建議通知該原主締約國。
    • 本公約對有關國家生效後，禁止進口從本公約另一締約國的博物館或宗教的或世俗的公共紀念館或類似機構中竊取的文化財產，如果該項財產業已用文件形式列入該機構的財產清冊；
    • 本公約對有關兩個國家生效後，根據兩國中的原主締約國的要求，採取適當措施收回並歸還進口的此類文化財產，但要求國須向不知情的買主或對該財產具有合法權利者給予公平的賠償。要求收回和歸還失物必須通過外交部門進行，提出要求一方應提供使確定其收回或歸還失物的要求的必要文件及其他證據，費用自理。各方不得對遵照本條規定而歸還的文化財產征收關稅或其他費用。歸還和運送文化財產過程中所需的一切費用均由提出要求一方負擔。

第八條

本公約締約國承擔對觸犯上述第六條（2）和第七條（2）所列的禁止規定負有責任者予以懲處或行政制裁。

第九條

本公約的任一締約國在其文化遺產由於考古或人種學的材料遭受掠奪而處境危殆時得向蒙受影響的其他締約國發出呼籲。在此情況下，本公約締約國承擔參與協調一致的國際努力，以確定並實施必要的具體措施，包括對有關的特定物資的進出口及國際貿易實行管制。在尚未達成協議之前，有關各國應在可能範圍內採取臨時性措施，以便制止對提出要求的國家的文化遺產造成不可彌補的損失。

第十條

本公約締約國承擔：

  1. 通過教育、情報和防範手段，限制非法從本公約締約國運出的文化財產的移動，並視各國情況，責成古董商保持一份記錄，載明每項文化財產的來源、提供者的姓名與住址以及每項售出的物品財產的購買人，違者須受刑事或行政制裁。
  2. 努力通過教育手段，使公眾心目中認識到，並進一步理解文化財產的價值和偷盜、秘密發掘與非法出口對文化財產造成的威脅。

第十一條

一個國家直接或間接地由於被他國占領而被迫出口文化財產或轉讓其所有權應被視為非法。

第十二條

本公約締約國應尊重由其負責國際關係的領土内的文化財產，並應采取一切適當措施禁止並防止在這些領土内非法進出口文化財產和非法轉讓其所有權。

第十三條

本公約締約國還應在符合其本國法律的情況下承擔：

  1. 通過一切適當手段防止可能引起文化財產的非法進出口的這一類財產的所有權轉讓；
  2. 保證本國的主管機關進行合作，使非法出口的文化財產盡早歸還其合法所有者；
  3. 受理合法所有者或其代表提出的關於找回失落的或失竊的文化財產的訴訟；
  4. 承認本公約締約國有不可取消的權利規定並宣佈某些文化財產是不能讓與的，因而據此也不能出口，若此類財產已經出口務須促使將這類財產歸還給有關國家。

第十四條

為防止非法出口、履行本公約所規定的義務，本公約各締約國應在可能範圍內為其負責保護文化遺產的國家機關提供足夠的預算並在必要時為此目的設立一項基金。

第十五條

在本公約對有關國家生效前，本公約之任何規定不應妨礙締約國之間自行締結有關歸還從其原主國領土上不論以何種理由搬走之文化財產的特別協定，或制止它們繼續執行業已締結的有關協定。

第十六條

本公約締約國應在向聯合國教育、科學及文化組織大會提交的定期報告中，提供它們已經通過的立法和行政規定和它們為實施本公約所采取的其他行動以及在此領域内取得的詳盡經驗的資料，報告的日期及方式由大會決定。

第十七條

  1. 本公約締約國可以向聯合國教育、科學及文化組織請求給予技術援助，特別是有關：
    • 情報和教育；
    • 咨詢和專家建議；
    • 協調和斡旋。
  2. 聯合國教育、科學及文化組織可以主動進行有關非法轉移文化財產問題的研究並出版研究報告。
  3. 為此，聯合國教育、科學及文化組織可以請求任何非政府的主管組織予以合作。
  4. 聯合國教育、科學及文化組織可以主動向本公約締約國提出有關本公約的實施的建議。
  5. 經過本公約的實施有爭議的兩個以上的本公約締約國的請求，聯合國教科文組織得進行斡旋，使它們之間的爭端得到解決。

第十八條

本公約以英文、法文、俄文和西班牙文制定，四種文本具有同等效力。

第十九條

  1. 本公約須經聯合國教育、科學及文化組織會員國按各國憲法程序批准或接受。
  2. 批准書或接受書，應交存聯合國教育、科學及文化組織總幹事。

第二十條

  1. 本公約應開放給非聯合國教育、科學及文化組織成員但經本組織執行局邀請加入本公約的所有國家加入。
  2. 加入書交存聯合國教育、科學及文化組織總幹事後，加入即行生效。

第二十一條

本公約在收到第3份批准書、接受書或加入書後的三個月開始生效，但這支隊那些在該日或該日之前業已交存其各自的批准書、接受書或加入書的國家生效。對於任何其他國家，本公約則在其批准書、接受書或加入書交存後三個月開始生效。

第二十二條

本公約締約國承認，本公約不僅使用於其本國領土，而且也適用於在國際關係上由其負責的一切領土；如有必要，締約國須在批准、接受或加入之時或以前與這些領土的政府或其他主管當局進行磋商，以便保證本公約在這些領土的適用，並將本公約適用的領土通知聯合國教育、科學及文化組織總幹事，該通知在收到之日起3個月生效。

第二十三條

  1. 本公約之每一締約國可以代表本國或代表由其負責國際關係的任何領土退出本公約。
  2. 退約須以書面文件通知，該退約書交存聯合國教育、科學及文化組織總幹事處。
  3. 退約在收到退約通知書後12個月生效。

第二十四條

聯合國教育、科學及文化組織總幹事須將第十九條和二十條中規定的有關批准書、接受書和加入書的交存情況以及第二十二條和第二十三條分別規定的通知和退約告知本組織會員國、第二十條中所屬的非本組織會員的國家以及聯合國。

第二十五條

  1. 本公約可經聯合國教育、科學及文化組織大會
  2. 予以修正。任何這樣的修正只對修正公約的締約國具有約束力。

如大會通過一項全面或部分地修訂本公約的新公約，則除非新公約另有規定，本公約在新的修訂公約生效之日起停止一切批准、接受或加入。

第二十六條

經聯合國教育、科學及文化組織總幹事的要求，本公約應按照《聯合國憲章》第一百零二條的規定在聯合國秘書處等級。

1970年11月17日訂於巴黎。兩個正式文本均有大會第十六屆會議主席和聯合國教育、科學及文化組織總幹事的簽名，將交存於聯合國教育、科學及文化組織的檔案庫中。驗證無誤之副本將分送第十九條到二十條所述之所有國家和聯合國。

以上乃1970年11月14日在巴黎召開的聯合國教育、科學及文化組織大會第十六屆會議正式通過之公約的作准文本。

我們於1970年11月17日簽字，以昭信守。

大會主席

阿蒂利奧．德絡羅．馬伊尼

總幹事

勒内．馬厄

Convention on the Means of Prohibiting and Preventing the Illicit Import, Export and Transfer of Ownership of Cultural Property

The General Conference of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization, meeting in Paris from 12 October to 14 November 1970, at its sixteenth session,

Recalling the importance of the provisions contained in the Declaration of the Principles of International Cultural Co-operation, adopted by the General Conference at its fourteenth session,

Considering that the interchange of cultural property among nations for scientific, cultural and educational purposes increases the knowledge of the civilization of Man, enriches the cultural life of all peoples and inspires mutual respect and appreciation among nations,

Considering that cultural property constitutes one of the basic elements of civilization and national culture, and that its true value can be appreciated only in relation to the fullest possible information regarding its origin, history and traditional setting,

Considering that it is incumbent upon every State to protect the cultural property existing within its territory against the dangers of theft, clandestine excavation, and illicit export,

Considering that, to avert these dangers, it is essential for every State to become increasingly alive to the moral obligations to respect its own cultural heritage and that of all nations,

Considering that, as cultural institutions, museums, libraries and archives should ensure that their collections are built up in accordance with universally recognized moral principles,

Considering that the illicit import, export and transfer of ownership of cultural property is an obstacle to that understanding between nations which it is part of UNESCO’s mission to promote by recommending to interested States, international conventions to this end,

Considering that the protection of cultural heritage can be effective only if organized both nationally and internationally among States working in close co-operation,

Considering that the UNESCO General Conference adopted a Recommendation to this effect in 1964,

Having before it further proposals on the means of prohibiting and preventing the illicit import, export and transfer of ownership of cultural property, a question which is on the agenda for the session as item 19,

Having decided, at its fifteenth session, that this question should be made the subject of an international convention,

Adopts this Convention on the fourteenth day of November 1970.

Article 1

For the purposes of this Convention, the term `cultural property’ means property which, on religious or secular grounds, is specifically designated by each State as being of importance for archaeology, prehistory, history, literature, art or science and which belongs to the following categories:

  • (a) Rare collections and specimens of fauna, flora, minerals and anatomy, and objects of paleontological interest;
  • (b) property relating to history, including the history of science and technology and military and social history, to the life of national leaders, thinkers, scientists and artist and to events of national importance;
  • (c) products of archaeological excavations (including regular and clandestine) or of archaeological discoveries ;
  • (d) elements of artistic or historical monuments or archaeological sites which have been dismembered;
  • (e) antiquities more than one hundred years old, such as inscriptions, coins and engraved seals;
  • (f) objects of ethnological interest;
  • (g) property of artistic interest, such as:
    • (i) pictures, paintings and drawings produced entirely by hand on any support and in any material (excluding industrial designs and manufactured articles decorated by hand);
    • (ii) original works of statuary art and sculpture in any material;
    • (iii) original engravings, prints and lithographs;
    • (iv) original artistic assemblages and montages in any material;
  • (h) rare manuscripts and incunabula, old books, documents and publications of special interest (historical, artistic, scientific, literary, etc.) singly or in collections ;
  • (i) postage, revenue and similar stamps, singly or in collections;
  • (j) archives, including sound, photographic and cinematographic archives;
  • (k) articles of furniture more than one hundred years old and old musical instruments.

Article 2

The States Parties to this Convention recognize that the illicit import, export and transfer of ownership of cultural property is one of the main causes of the impoverishment of the cultural heritage of the countries of origin of such property and that international co-operation constitutes one of the most efficient means of protecting each country’s cultural property against all the dangers resulting there from.

To this end, the States Parties undertake to oppose such practices with the means at their disposal, and particularly by removing their causes, putting a stop to current practices, and by helping to make the necessary reparations.

Article 3

The import, export or transfer of ownership of cultural property effected contrary to the provisions adopted under this Convention by the States Parties thereto, shall be illicit.

Article 4

The States Parties to this Convention recognize that for the purpose of the Convention property which belongs to the following categories forms part of the cultural heritage of each State:

  • (a) Cultural property created by the individual or collective genius of nationals of the State concerned, and cultural property of importance to the State concerned created within the territory of that State by foreign nationals or stateless persons resident within such territory;
  • (b) cultural property found within the national territory;
  • (c) cultural property acquired by archaeological, ethnological or natural science missions, with the consent of the competent authorities of the country of origin of such property;
  • (d) cultural property which has been the subject of a freely agreed exchange;
  • (e) cultural property received as a gift or purchased legally with the consent of the competent authorities of the country of origin of such property.

Article 5

To ensure the protection of their cultural property against illicit import, export and transfer of ownership, the States Parties to this Convention undertake, as appropriate for each country, to set up within their territories one or more national services, where such services do not already exist, for the protection of the cultural heritage, with a qualified staff sufficient in number for the effective carrying out of the following functions:

  • (a) contributing to the formation of draft laws and regulations designed to secure the protection of the cultural heritage and particularly prevention of the illicit import, export and transfer of ownership of important cultural property;
  • (b) establishing and keeping up to date, on the basis of a national inventory of protected property, a list of important public and private cultural property whose export would constitute an appreciable impoverishment of the national cultural heritage;
  • (c) promoting the development or the establishment of scientific and technical institutions (museums, libraries, archives, laboratories, workshops…) required to ensure the preservation and presentation of cultural property;
  • (d) organizing the supervision of archaeological excavations, ensuring the preservation “in situ” of certain cultural property, and protecting certain areas reserved for future archaeological research;
  • (e) establishing, for the benefit of those concerned (curators, collectors, antique dealers, etc.) rules in conformity with the ethical principles set forth in this Convention; and taking steps to ensure the observance of those rules;
  • (f) taking educational measures to stimulate and develop respect for the cultural heritage of all States, and spreading knowledge of the provisions of this Convention;
  • (g) seeing that appropriate publicity is given to the disappearance of any items of cultural property.

Article 6

The States Parties to this Convention undertake:

  • (a) To introduce an appropriate certificate in which the exporting State would specify that the export of the cultural property in question is authorized. The certificate should accompany all items of cultural property exported in accordance with the regulations;
  • (b) to prohibit the exportation of cultural property from their territory unless accompanied by the above-mentioned export certificate;
  • (c) to publicize this prohibition by appropriate means, particularly among persons likely to export or import cultural property.

Article 7

The States Parties to this Convention undertake:

  • (a) To take the necessary measures, consistent with national legislation, to prevent museums and similar institutions within their territories from acquiring cultural property originating in another State Party which has been illegally exported after entry into force of this Convention, in the States concerned. Whenever possible, to inform a State of origin Party to this Convention of an offer of such cultural property illegally removed from that State after the entry into force of this Convention in both States;

  • (b)

    • (i) to prohibit the import of cultural property stolen from a museum or a religious or secular public monument or similar institution in another State Party to this Convention after the entry into force of this Convention for the States concerned, provided that such property is documented as appertaining to the inventory of that institution;
    • (ii) at the request of the State Party of origin, to take appropriate steps to recover and return any such cultural property imported after the entry into force of this Convention in both States concerned, provided, however, that the requesting State shall pay just compensation to an innocent purchaser or to a person who has valid title to that property. Requests for recovery and return shall be made through diplomatic offices. The requesting Party shall furnish, at its expense, the documentation and other evidence necessary to establish its claim for recovery and return. The Parties shall impose no customs duties or other charges upon cultural property returned pursuant to this Article. All expenses incident to the return and delivery of the cultural property shall be borne by the requesting Party.

Article 8

The States Parties to this Convention undertake to impose penalties or administrative sanctions on any person responsible for infringing the prohibitions referred to under Articles 6 (b) and 7 (b) above.

Article 9

Any State Party to this Convention whose cultural patrimony is in jeopardy from pillage of archaeological or ethnological materials may call upon other States Parties who are affected. The States Parties to this Convention undertake, in these circumstances, to participate in a concerted international effort to determine and to carry out the necessary concrete measures, including the control of exports and imports and international commerce in the specific materials concerned. Pending agreement each State concerned shall take provisional measures to the extent feasible to prevent irremediable injury to the cultural heritage of the requesting State.

Article 10

The States Parties to this Convention undertake:

  • (a) To restrict by education, information and vigilance, movement of cultural property illegally removed from any State Party to this Convention and, as appropriate for each country, oblige antique dealers, subject to penal or administrative sanctions, to maintain a register recording the origin of each item of cultural property, names and addresses of the supplier, description and price of each item sold and to inform the purchaser of the cultural property of the export prohibition to which such property may be subject;
  • (b) to endeavour by educational means to create and develop in the public mind a realization of the value of cultural property and the threat to the cultural heritage created by theft, clandestine excavations and illicit exports.

Article 11

The export and transfer of ownership of cultural property under compulsion arising directly or indirectly from the occupation of a country by a foreign power shall be regarded as illicit.

Article 12

The States Parties to this Convention shall respect the cultural heritage within the territories for the international relations of which they are responsible, and shall take all appropriate measures to prohibit and prevent the illicit import, export and transfer of ownership of cultural property in such territories.

Article 13

The States Parties to this Convention also undertake, consistent with the laws of each State:

  • (a) To prevent by all appropriate means transfers of ownership of cultural property likely to promote the illicit import or export of such property;
  • (b) to ensure that their competent services co-operate in facilitating the earliest possible restitution of illicitly exported cultural property to its rightful owner;
  • (c) to admit actions for recovery of lost or stolen items of cultural property brought by or on behalf of the rightful owners;
  • (d) to recognize the indefeasible right of each State Party to this Convention to classify and declare certain cultural property as inalienable which should therefore ipso facto not be exported, and to facilitate recovery of such property by the State concerned in cases where it has been exported.

Article 14

In order to prevent illicit export and to meet the obligations arising from the implementation of this Convention, each State Party to the Convention should, as far as it is able, provide the national services responsible for the protection of its cultural heritage with an adequate budget and, if necessary, should set up a fund for this purpose.

Article 15

Nothing in this Convention shall prevent States Parties thereto from concluding special agreements among themselves or from continuing to implement agreements already concluded regarding the restitution of cultural property removed, whatever the reason, from its territory of origin, before the entry into force of this Convention for the States concerned.

Article 16

The States Parties to this Convention shall in their periodic reports submitted to the General Conference of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization on dates and in a manner to be determined by it, give information on the legislative and administrative provisions which they have adopted and other action which they have taken for the application of this Convention, together with details of the experience acquired in this field.

Article 17

The States Parties to this Convention may call on the technical assistance of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization, particularly as regards:

  • (a) Information and education;
  • (b) consultation and expert advice;
  • (c) co-ordination and good offices.

The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization may, on its own initiative conduct research and publish studies on matters relevant to the illicit movement of cultural property.

To this end, the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization may also call on the co-operation of any competent non-governmental organization.

The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization may, on its own initiative, make proposals to States Parties to this Convention for its implementation.

At the request of at least two States Parties to this Convention which are engaged in a dispute over its implementation, UNESCO may extend its good offices to reach a settlement between them.

Article 18

This Convention is drawn up in English, French, Russian and Spanish, the four texts being equally authoritative.

Article 19

This Convention shall be subject to ratification or acceptance by States members of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization in accordance with their respective constitutional procedures.

The instruments of ratification or acceptance shall be deposited with the Director-General of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization.

Article 20

This Convention shall be open to accession by all States not members of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization which are invited to accede to it by the Executive Board of the Organization.

Accession shall be effected by the deposit of an instrument of accession with the Director-General of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization.

Article 21

This Convention shall enter into force three months after the date of the deposit of the third instrument of ratification, acceptance or accession, but only with respect to those States which have deposited their respective instruments on or before that date. It shall enter into force with respect to any other State three months after the deposit of its instrument of ratification, acceptance or accession.

Article 22

The States Parties to this Convention recognize that the Convention is applicable not only to their metropolitan territories but also to all territories for the international relations of which they are responsible; they undertake to consult, if necessary, the governments or other competent authorities of these territories on or before ratification, acceptance or accession with a view to securing the application of the Convention to those territories, and to notify the Director-General of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization of the territories to which it is applied, the notification to take effect three months after the date of its receipt.

Article 23

Each State Party to this Convention may denounce the Convention on its own behalf or on behalf of any territory for whose international relations it is responsible.

The denunciation shall be notified by an instrument in writing, deposited with the Director-General of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization.

The denunciation shall take effect twelve months after the receipt of the instrument of denunciation.

Article 24

The Director-General of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization shall inform the States members of the Organization, the States not members of the Organization which are referred to in Article 20, as well as the United Nations, of the deposit of all the instruments of ratification, acceptance and accession provided for in Articles 19 and 20, and of the notifications and denunciations provided for in Articles 22 and 23 respectively.

Article 25

This Convention may be revised by the General Conference of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization. Any such revision shall, however, bind only the States which shall become Parties to the revising convention.

If the General Conference should adopt a new convention revising this Convention in whole or in part, then, unless the new convention otherwise provides, this Convention shall cease to be open to ratification, acceptance or accession, as from the date on which the new revising convention enters into force.

Article 26

In conformity with ### Article 102 of the Charter of the United Nations, this Convention shall be registered with the Secretariat of the United Nations at the request of the Director-General of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization.

Done in Paris this seventeenth day of November 1970, in two authentic copies bearing the signature of the President of the sixteenth session of the General Conference and of the Director-General of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization, which shall be deposited in the archives of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization, and certified true copies of which shall be delivered to all the States referred to in Articles 19 and 20 as well as to the United Nations.

The President of the General Conference ATILIO DELL’ORO MAINI

The Director-General RENE MAHEU